155 lines
5.1 KiB
Plaintext
155 lines
5.1 KiB
Plaintext
erirerearr and sale nousing oyer broad elimarre ranges
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sualegres such as warer srorage and wrndbreair modily
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erlreme elieers. Many planr and animal speeres snow
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rery wide cllmi|i( roleranees, and ioeal rrilrrrrars are
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developed ior airnosi ail rmporlanl iood pianls Tire
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vanely oi iood grown in irome gardens varies only
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slrglrlly overa grear many srniarions
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As designers, we are as rrrlereared in txlvtmts as in
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means (averages) siren measures as average ralnlnfl“
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lraye yery lirrle relevanse ro speeiire sires. oi more
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yaioe are dara on seasonal fluuuallon, dependabiirry.
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mrensrly, and in. irmrrs oi reeorded ranges oi any one
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iaeror nus will decide rlre praerieai lrrnirs |hal need ro
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lae ireluded in a design
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People who are sailed on lo design or rrrsrrrrer Over
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wide elrrnarre ranges would do well lo read in more
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general lreaimenls suelr as Eyre ileum and James
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(mil, or in modern brogeograplrirai rears. Tlrese
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irearmenrs deal wirrr world yegerarron pairerns and
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eliorarir laerors
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Toral sire iaerors relalad lo land eoniigurarion will
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impose specrne lirnirs ro any design; soil dara will alao
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be speerire ro sire There is, inerelore, no siloslrrrrrs in
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any one design ior local obseryarion, aneedores,
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derailed maps oi ioeai iaelors, lrsrs oi locally sucra-sriul
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planl and animal species, and analysrsol loeai so ,
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lr is obligarory lor any designer lo srudy rlre regional
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long—ierm lrriiaran and agrieulrural adaprarions ro
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elimale Above all, we srroriid ayard inrrodurrng
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lemperale lauropeanr leerrnioues and speeies ro
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liopieal and and lands on any large sraie Aborigmai
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peoples were neyer so -sirnple and priinirive" as we
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irave been led lo believe by lire lrleralrrre oi rireir
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rnyaders. Name agrreulrurai and pasroral rnanagemeni
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pracriees are oilen liueiy luned ro survival, are
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somerrmes very produeriye, and above all are
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rndependenr or oulsrde aid
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5.2
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THE CLASSIFICATION OF BROAD
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CLIMATIC ZONES
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Mosr global Chmallc elassiiicariona are bored on
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precipilarion-radrarion inreraslions as ioranrrlaled by
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Vladinnr Koppen um), and subsequenrly anodiired
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and ripdaled oy arirlrors srielr as Trewarrrra (195A)
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figure 5.: rs lronr rlre larrer reierenee More
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eloselyaienned pianl lrsrs ean be gryen by releaenee ro
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rlre ~i_rre Znnz" marria developed by l-ioidridge (flan-r
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5.2», wniclr has enabled James Duke and orlrers lo
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annorale planr lrsrs willr eoneise elrrnarie keys Many
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plani eornpendia allaerr 'mnes oi hardlilcss‘ lo planr
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lirlings, commonly used rrre usA. As given in
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Harms Third, lire zones are in male 5,:
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Measures or cul—oi’i’ pornrs are usually crrosen rlrai
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appioumale rlre limirlrrg boundaries iur liie lorms, and
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are mainly good appmld‘nulimls oi ielrrai m uprimum
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ranges. lire main qualilyrng iaerors on rrre uroad
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rlassrlroarion oi elimarieraerurs are.
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- spoemlrmruniaineondilions,
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. lrre modriyrng eiiocrs oieoasrs land rlre earrenres oi
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ronrinenrai in|encrs),
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- local energy iransler by winds and oeeanre
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errrrenrs, and
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. Imigdeml eyelre laerors,
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Some problems in rlus area are-
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l Inslrumznts ior aeerrrare measuremenr are
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expenslve, and often speeine re a narrow ionge oi lire
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roral speelrririr lvf eiloers
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z Aveugu in srielr areas as precipilarion and
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radiarion oireir reier only lo one parr oi lire rural
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rpeelrum We rraye iew long—lerm reeords oi log
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preeipilarron. dew, longewaye radiarion, rilrrariuler
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inerdenee, or gaseous almospirerie eomposrrron.
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a We are aware lirai "in, sun, and mild rnleran in a
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dynarrrre and eonrrnrrorrs iasrrion, so ilrar averages
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mean lrlrle lo a planl or animal srilayesa lo lhr normally
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rirangrable r//eris liral may eoyer wide ranges or
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inreraeriye measures,
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in inis clraprer, we are eoneenmd only wirlr lire very
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broad eliinazrc zones (design speeiiias lor eaelr elrmarre
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zone are giyeia in laler crisplersl lirese have been
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grouped as Inflaws‘
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- TROPICAL no monilr under IB‘C lwrl mean
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lemperalrir and SUBTROPICAL: eoolesl monrirs
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above nic (sz'n oul below mic 1609 mean in erieel,
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lrosr—lree areas
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. TEMPERATE oldesr monrirs below we iaz-rl,
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warmesi aboye lu-c ism» mean lemperalrrre, lo
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POLAR- warmesi monilr below I0"C (SPF! or in
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perperual irosl we or lassl mean
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. AKID. mean rainiall so em lie. rnelresl or less lo
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DESERT mean rarniall 15 em (ID inelresl or less
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ineludes subehumld, or any area wirere eyaporarron
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eaeeeds pmpllanml
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5i3
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PATI'EKNING IN GLOBAL WEATHER
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SYSTEMS;
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THE ENGINES
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OF THE ATMOSPHERE
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Dense sold air rlows oonlarrually oil rlre polar roe eapa
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nus hly‘»pl$sum or down-drauglrl arr spirals oul ol
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lire polar regions as persislenl easlerlres wirielr arieer
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lriglr larirudes loo-arm near rlre lee—cap rrrernrelyes.
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Longspolras uirrrrs arr eurve oulward ru lalilrideacr
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As rlre spiral rrseli is eauglrr up in land generared by)
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earrlr spin, rlrese eoid eeils oi arr drrye a series ol
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mnh’l—Mah’ng law—pressure sells irrirning eloelwrsein
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rire surrllrern lremrsplrere and anli-eloelrwiae in rlre
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rronlrerni Triese rn rurir ureslr willr roraling spirals of
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Nyl-pressuu air which lraye risen al rlre aqufilur, and
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are ialling al larrludes ls—«r
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The highepressur: mrd-lalrrrrde sells rrirn anrr.
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eioeirwrse in rrre sourlrerrr lremrspirere and clockwise in
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107
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